Resume B.Inggris1
1. MODAL
Modal auxiliary verbs are used to moderate the main verb, that is to enhance or restrict the verb to a certain context. The most common modal auxiliaries in English are:
1. can
2. could
3. may
4. should
5. might
6. will
7. must
8. would
Notice the usage of modals in the following sentences:
· Express ability : can
ex : I can pray before doing anything
· Express possibility : may, migt ,
ex : maybe I will pray
· Expresses future intent : will
Ex : I will pray before doing anything
· Expresses mild obligation : should
Ex : I should pray before doing anything
· expresses reservation : would
ex : I would pray before doing anything
· Expresses strong obligation : must
Ex : I must pray before doing anything
Modals are followed by only the base form of the verb and are not used alone unless there is a clear connection to a main verb.
· We must finish the game.
· Mark could hear his friend call him.
· Satrio will go to the museum.
Modal Forms
Modal verbs can be used in a variety of different forms. Study the examples below.
Modal Simple I could swim at the beach. Modal Continuous I could be swimming at the beach right now. Modal Perfect I could have swum at the beach yesterday. Modal Perfect Continuous I could have been swimming at the beach instead of working in the office. | Passive Modal Simple The room should be cleaned once a day. Passive Modal Continuous The room should be being cleaned now. Passive Modal Perfect The room should have been cleaned yesterday. Passive Modal Perfect Continuous The room should have been being cleaned but nobody was there. (Rare form) |
2. simple sentence
simple sentence is independent clause ( 1S + 1V)
ex : Some students like to study in the mornings.
Compound sentence
Compound sentence is contains two independent clauses joined by a coordinator.
coordinators : for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so.
Ex : I tried to speak English, and my friend tried to speak Japanese.
Damien played american football, so Sophia went shopping.
Damien played football, for Sophia went shopping
Damien played american football, so Sophia went shopping.
Damien played football, for Sophia went shopping
COMPLEX SENTENCES
A complex sentence has an independent clause joined by one or more dependent clauses
Coordinator : because, since, after, although, or when
A.When he handed in his homework, he forgot to give the teacher the last page.
B. The teacher returned the homework after she noticed the error.
C. The students are studying because they have a test tomorrow.
D. After they finished studying, Juan and Maria went to the movies.
E. Juan and Maria went to the movies after they finished studying.
B. The teacher returned the homework after she noticed the error.
C. The students are studying because they have a test tomorrow.
D. After they finished studying, Juan and Maria went to the movies.
E. Juan and Maria went to the movies after they finished studying.
3. Paired conjuctions
Ex : (both, and)
(either, or)
(neither, nor)
(not only, but also)
· (both, and)
Both the movie and the play were good.
I liked both novel and comics.
· (either, or)
Either the movie or the play was good. I can't remember.
Harry was used to date "either" Ann "or" Hellen
· (neither, nor)
He "neither" listens nto "nor" advices his freinds when they have a problem
· (not only, but also)
"Not only" the movie "but also" the play was good
I liked "not only" the movie "but also" the play.
4. Conjunction
§ for: presents a reason
ex :He is gambling with his health, for he has been smoking far too long.
and: presents non-contrasting item(s) or idea(s)
ex : They gamble, and they smoke.
nor: presents a non-contrasting negative idea
ex :They do not gamble, nor do they smoke.
but: presents a contrast or exception
ex : They gamble, but they don't smoke.
or: presents an alternative item or idea
ex : Every day, they gamble or they smoke.
yet: presents a contrast or exception
ex : They gamble, yet they don't smoke.
so: presents a consequence
ex : He gambled well last night, so he smoked a cigar to celebrate.
5.
adjective clause
adjective clause is a dependent clause that modifies a noun. It is possible to combine the following two sentences to form one sentence containing an adjective clause:
subdinator clause : which, whom, who, whose, that
ex : The children are going to visit the museum.
They are on the bus.
They are on the bus.
The children who are on the bus are going to visit the museum.
| adjective clause |
| adjective clause |
Ex : Main Clause: I have read the book.
1. I have read the book (that) you just mentioned.
6. NOUN CLAUSE
A noun clause is an entire clause which takes the place of a noun in another clause or phrase. Like a noun, a noun clause acts as thesubject or object of a verb or the object of a preposition, answering the questions "who(m)?" or "what?".
Ex : noun
I know Latin.
noun clause
I know that Latin is no longer spoken as a native language.
Ex :noun
Their destination is unknown.
noun clause
Where they are going is unknown.
7. ADVERB CLAUSE
An adverb clause is a dependent clause which takes the place of an adverb in another clause or phrase. An adverb clause answers questions such as "when?", "where?", "why?", "with what goal/result?", and "under what conditions?".
cause
Hamlet wanted to kill his uncle because the uncle had murdered Hamlet's father.
The adverb clause answers the question "why?".
effect
Hamlet wanted to kill his uncle so that his father's murder would be avenged.
The adverb clause answers the question "with what goal/result?".
time
After Hamlet's uncle Claudius married Hamlet's mother,
Hamlet wanted to kill him.
place
Where the whole Danish court was assembled, Hamlet ordered a play in an attempt to prove his uncle's guilt.
The adverb clause answers the question "where?".
condition
If the British co-operate, the Europeans may achieve monetary union.
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